by

Near or next to.

The mailbox is by the bus stop.

From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.

The stream runs by our back door.

He ran straight by me.

Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).

Be back by ten o'clock!.

We'll find someone by the end of March.

Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.

The matter was decided by the chairman.

The boat was swamped by the water.

Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.

There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.

Along a path which runs past someone or something.

I watched the parade as it passed by.

In the vicinity, near.

There was a shepherd close by.

[The helmsman] steered with no end of a swagger while you were by; but if he lost sight of you, he became instantly the prey of an abject funk […]

To or at a place, as a residence or place of business.

I'll stop by on my way home from work.

We're right near the lifeguard station. Come by before you leave.

Aside, away.

The women spent much time after harvest putting jams by for winter and spring.

Beyond or past a certain point.

I'll somehow manage to get by.

Out of the way, off to one side.

a by path; a by room

Subsidiary, incidental.

by catch; a by issue