enclosure

Something that is enclosed, i.e. inserted into a letter or similar package.

There was an enclosure with the letter — a photo.

The act of enclosing, i.e. the insertion or inclusion of an item in a letter or package.

The enclosure of a photo with your letter is appreciated.

An area, domain, or amount of something partially or entirely enclosed by barriers.

He faced punishment for creating the fenced enclosure in a public park.

The glass enclosure holds the mercury vapor.

The act of separating and surrounding an area, domain, or amount of something with a barrier.

The enclosure of public land is against the law.

The experiment requires the enclosure of mercury vapor in a glass tube.

The act of restricting access to ideas, works of art or technologies using patents or intellectual property laws.

Copyright, from day one, was designed to be both an impediment and an incentive, a mechanism of enclosure (one that prevented the unlicensed printing of texts, thereby limiting access) and a catalyst of sorts, a structure to stimulate the production of literary goods by rewarding writers and publishers for their labor.

The commons evokes resistance to “enclosure” in all its forms, whether in its early proto-capitalist form of fencing in commonly shared land, or in its contemporary forms of marshalling judicial restraints such as “patent” and “intellectual property” to police the ownership of ideas.