reference

/ˈɹɛf.(ə.)ɹəns/
noun 5verb 4

Collocations

57
1

(noun.) mentioning sb/sth

ADJ

extensive | brief, casual, passing | occasional | frequent, repeated | constant

further

The manual makes no further reference to this safety feature.

general

particular, special, specific

The new safety guidelines focus on particular reference to preventing accidents in the workplace.

definite | explicit, express | direct | cryptic, indirect, oblique, obscure, veiled | clear, obvious | ambiguous, confusing

early

The earliest reference to this tradition appears in a book from the 1800s.

biblical, cultural, historical, literary | written

VERB + REFERENCE

contain, have

The instruction manual has several references to safety procedures that you should read carefully.

drop, make

She made a reference to the old movie during her speech, and everyone laughed.

drop, omit

The restaurant omitted any reference to its previous ownership in the new menu.

find

PREP

in a/the ~

When she mentioned the budget cuts, it was clearly in reference to our conversation last week.

in/with ~ to

The manager made several comments in reference to the new company policy during the meeting.

~ (back) to

You can understand the article without having to make constant reference back to the earlier chapters.

2

(noun.) consulting sb/sth for advice/help/information

ADJ

easy, quick

I keep my passwords in a notebook for quick reference when I need them.

further, future

PREP

by ~ to

The teacher grades all assignments by reference to the marking criteria she provided at the start of the course.

for ~

I kept all the receipts for reference when I needed to check the prices later.

without ~ to

The company changed the policy without reference to what employees actually needed.

PHRASES

for reference purposes

I kept the old telephone numbers in a drawer for reference purposes.

3

(noun.) number/note/symbol

ADJ

copious

full

The guidebook provides full references so readers can find the sources easily.

appropriate

When filling out the job application, make sure you include the appropriate references from your previous employers.

cross-

The textbook includes helpful cross-references that link related topics together throughout each chapter.

bibliographic/bibliographical | grid, map

VERB + REFERENCE

quote

cite, give

When writing your essay, make sure to cite references from at least three academic sources.

REFERENCE + NOUN

number

PREP

in a/the ~

The teacher asked us to include at least three sources in the reference section of our essay.

~ to

The teacher made a reference to Shakespeare's famous plays during the English lesson.

PHRASES

a list of references

4

(noun.) letter about your character/abilities

ADJ

glowing | character

VERB + REFERENCE

ask for | give (sb), provide (sb with), write (sb)

follow up, take up

The employer decided to follow up my references before making a final job offer.

PREP

~ from

I got the job because I had a strong reference from my previous manager.

5

(noun.) standards by which sth is judged

REFERENCE + NOUN

point

PHRASES

a frame of reference

What frame of reference do you use when judging whether a film is good?

a point of reference

Last year's sales figures became a useful point of reference when we planned this year's budget.

terms of reference

The school's new safety policy falls within the headmaster's terms of reference.

a source of reference

The old dictionary became my main source of reference when I was writing the essay.

6

(noun.) book containing facts/information

ADJ

general

This dictionary serves as a general reference for students learning English vocabulary and grammar.

REFERENCE + NOUN

book, material, source, work | library

section

The reference section at the back of the textbook lists all the sources the author used.

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