centrifuge

A device in which a mixture of denser and lighter materials (normally dispersed in a liquid) is separated by being spun about a central axis at high speed.

An apparatus in which humans are spun to simulate acceleration in an aircraft or spacecraft.

By extension, any device which rotates in order to produce artificial gravity (in the form of centrifugal force)

To rotate something in a centrifuge, typically in order to separate its constituents.