gouge

Senses relating to cutting tools.

The "steeple" was a little cupola, reared on the very centre of the roof, on four tall pillars of pine, that were fluted with a gouge, and loaded with mouldings.

The cutting [of letter blocks] is effected by chisels and gouges of the usual kinds, and is the work of a class of artizans called 'Wood letter Cutters,' or 'Wood-type Cutters.'

Senses relating to cutting tools.

In plate II. are design for two backs of books. The first figure, which presents an appearance of exceeding richness, is executed with one sole tool, viz. No. 10, and a small gouge for the sides of the lettering-piece.

Senses relating to cutting tools.

Gouge. […] A shaped incising-tool used for cutting out forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, or other objects cut to a shape from fabric, leather, or paper.

A cut or groove, as left by a gouge or something sharp.

The nail left a deep gouge in the tire.

The planing-machine, on the contrary, uses revolving knives, which make a succession of little gouges in the wood; these gouges, which would otherwise leave the surface very irregular, are made to leave it tolerably smooth by following one another so closely that the gouges become one long gouge or cut; [...]

An act of gouging.

To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge.

Japanese and Chinese printers used to gouge characters in wood.

Imperfect examples of concave shells are to be seen in the salient of El Capitan, which is itself an imperfect dome, not wholly massive throughout, that has been vigorously gouged by the Yosemite Glacier.

To cheat or impose upon; in particular, to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price.

The company has no competition, so it tends to gouge its customers.

[M]any hospitals have essentially abandoned any serious effort to raise funds from donors. They could, like universities, conduct fund-raising campaigns and establish endowments to cover the shortfall caused by widespread fraud (i.e., the false promise by government and insurance to pay patients' medical expenses), but instead they mercilessly gouge their uninsured patients.

To dig or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a thumb to push or try to push the eye (of a person) out of its socket.

The recorded cases in which the constituents of the joint were removed at different times, and those also in which the bones or portions of the bones were gouged away, do not by any means afford satisfactory results.

In milling, a blade with this irregularity in front slope causes the cutter to drag on one side and gouge on the other.

To use a gouge.

Blocks are alſo pieces of wood belonging to ſhips, in which the ſhivers, or ſheaves, of pullies are placed, and wherein the running ropes go. [...] The blocks are then jambed up edgeways with wedges in a clave, and the ſheave-holes are made in this manner: the length and breadth are firſt gouged out, and holes are bored half way through the block, along the part gouged out, with an augre of the ſize of the ſheave-hole; then the ſheave-hole is gouged and bored on the oppoſite ſide in the ſame manner, ſo as to meet the oppoſite holes.

A surname.